SOCIAL BASES:2

       SOCIAL BASES OF EDUCATION

                          Equip yourself to interpret these issues, both critically and constructively, by studying the various dimensions of our field, including:

• History of education.  Trace the origins of current educational beliefs and practices.

• Philosophy of education.  Question your assumptions the nature of knowledge and the purposes of education.  Think critically about what it means to be “educated,” to “learn,” and to “teach.”

• Sociology and Anthropology of education.  Recognize that schools are products of society, and that American schools, as products of a democratic society, represent the degree to which our social, political, economic and cultural traditions are successful or just.

• Comparative education.  Explore similarities and differences among educational systems and practices across societies and regions because of distinct cultural, political, historical, economic and religious traditions.

These branches of Schools, Society, & Culture overlap in multiple ways.  Taken together, they remind us that cultural contexts and societal priorities shape schools and vice versa. Our graduate programs offer students a thorough grounding in these areas to equip them for rapidly changing conditions in their educational careers – as teachers, scholars, school leaders & policymakers, and ultimately, as citizens.

KNOWLEDGE AND CUURICULM:1

         INFLUANCE OF SOCITY

Abstract

                       🔼   In this research, authors tried to compare statistical data with the results of the sociological research which has been carried out by means of qualitative methods, and then to carry out the longitude research concerning installations on education among students of the late 90s - early 2000s and to compare to views of modern students. 

                🔼  The purpose and problems of research: detection of installations of modern youth in relation to formation as to one of major factors of social mobility in the Kazakhstan society. Define the demands of modern youth to possession professional the knowledge and skills, influencing social positions in society.If one hand changes in form of ownership, differentiation of steps of education are observed, on the other hand there is a reconsideration of value of education and understanding of significance and education role in an everyday life of the person. 

               🔼In the 90s after break-up of the USSR decrease of number of pupils in system of the higher education is observed, and at the end of 90s – the beginning of the 2000s increases the quantity of higher educational institutions and growth of student's youth. By the present moment the authors carried out the focus group research identification of installations of modern youth on education and its roles in life of the young Kazakhstan citizens.

STATISTICAL:2

PEDAGOGY OF MATHS

 What is the definition of statistical data?

Statistics may be defined as the science of collection, presentation analysis and interpretation of numerical data from the logical analysis. It is clear that the definition of statistics by Croxton and Cowden is the most scientific and realistic one. According to this definition there are four stages:

1. Collection of Data:

It is the first step and this is the foundation upon which the entire data set. Careful planning is essential before collecting the data. There are different methods of collection of data such as census, sampling, primary, secondary, etc., and the investigator should make use of correct method.

2. Presentation of data:

The mass data collected should be presented in a suitable, concise form for further analysis. The collected data may be presented in the form of tabular or diagrammatic or graphic form.

3. Analysis of data:

The data presented should be carefully analysed for making inference from the presented data such as measures of central tendencies, dispersion, correlation, regression etc.,

4. Interpretation of data:

The final step is drawing conclusion from the data collected. A valid conclusion must be drawn on the basis of analysis. A high degree of skill and experience is necessary for the interpretation.

Definition by Horace Secrist:

Statistics may be defined as the aggregate of facts affected to a marked extent by multiplicity of causes, numerically expressed, enumerated or estimated according to a reasonable standard of accuracy, collected in a systematic manner, for a predetermined purpose and placed in relation to each other. The above definition seems to be the most comprehensive and exhaustive.

Functions of Statistics:

There are many functions of statistics. Let us consider the following five important functions.

WORKING FORT POLIYO:1

    PEDAGOGY OF MATHEMATICS

Algebra

                      Algebra uses letters (like x or y) or other symbols in place of values, and plays with them using special rules.


       Example: x + 3 = 7
"x" is unknown (often called the "variable").

             In this case the value of "x" can be found by subtracting 3 from both sides of the equal sign like this:

        Start with: x + 3 = 7
Subtract 3 from both sides: x + 3 − 3 = 7 − 3
Calculate: x + 0 = 4
Answer: x = 4

curriculam

 Curriculum Design Models

I N T R O D U C T I O N

As a TEACHER, one has to be a: – curriculum designer – curriculum implementer – curriculum evaluator.

1. 6.  Henry Morrison and William Harris are the few curricularist who were firm believers of this design. In this instance, schools divide the school hours to different subjects such as reading, grammar, literature, mathematics, science, history and geography. In the Philippines, our curricula in any level is also divided in different subjects or course. Most of schools using this kind of structure aim for excellence in the subject matter content.
2.  
3. SUBJECT-CENTERED DESIGNMODEL
4.  This model focuses on the content of the curriculum. The subject centered design corresponds mostly of the textbook, written for the specific subject.
5. 7.  oldest and so far the most familiar design for teachers, parents and laymen.
6.  
7. Advantages Disadvantages •Easy to deliver •Complimentary books are written •Support instructional materials are commercially available •Teachers are familiar with the format •Learning is compartmentalized •Stresses so much the content that it forgets the student’s natural tendencies, interests and experiences
8.  
9. 8.  DISCIPLINE – refers to specific knowledge learned through a method which the scholars use to study a specific content of their field.ü Focuses on academic disciplines žDISCIPLINE DESIGN
10. 9.  Often use in college, but not in elementary or secondary levelsž

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